INNOMINATE (HIP BONE)
- Tubercle of iliac spine is 5cm posterior to ASIS
- It is most lateral part of pelvis
- Intertubercular line is at level of L5 vertebrae
- Most superior part of pelvis is 7.5 cm behind the tubercle
- Supracristae plane passes through the spine of L4
- ASIS
- Inguinal ligament
- Sartorius
- AIIS
- Straight head of rectus femoris
- Iliofemoral ligament
- PSIS
- Sacrotuberous ligament
- Dimple at level of S2
- PIIS
- Pubic symphysis
- Secondary cartilaginous joint
Ossification
- Cartilaginous
- Primary centres 3
- Ilium 2nd month gestation
- Ischium 3rd month
- Pubis 4th month
- At birth
- Acetabulum is wholly carilage
- 7 years ischial & pubic rami fuse
- Secondary centres
- Acetabular cartilage 8 years complete 18years
- Periphery of pelvis fused 25 years
FEMUR
- 2nd bone to ossify (clavicle is 1st)
- Primary
- Shaft 7th week
- Secondary
- Lower end 9th month i.e. at birth fuses 20 years
- Medicolegal evidence of maturity
- Head during 1st year after birth 18 years
- Great troch 4th year 18 years
- Lesser troch 12-14 years 18 years
- Lower end 9th month i.e. at birth fuses 20 years
PATELLA
- Primary
- Several centres 3-6 years quickly
- One centre may not fuse & form a bipartite patella
- Several centres 3-6 years quickly
TIBIA
- Primary
- Shaft 8th week fetal
- Secondary
- Upper immediately after birth 20 years
- Tuberosity 10 years
- Lower during 1st year 18 years
FIBULA
- Primary
- Shaft 8th week
- Secondary
- Upper 4th year 20 years
- Lower 2nd year 18 years
FOOT
- Tarsus
- 7 bones
- proximal row
- talus, calcaneus
- distal row
- medial to lateral
- navicular
- medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms, cuboid
OSSIFICATION OF FOOT BONES
- Primary
- Calcaneus 3rd month fetal birth
- Talus 6th month fetal birth
- Cuboid 9th month fetal
- Navicular during first 4 years
- Cuneiforms during first 4 years
- Secondary centres
- Calcaneus
- Posterior surface
- Talus
- Lateral tubercle
- 5th metatarsal
- tubercle
- navicular
- tuberosity
- Calcaneus